8. Do you like sports? - Use your english

1.

1. An ice is frozen water.

2. The referee is a person who acts as a judge in football.

3. A skating rink the place people skate on.

4. A court the sports ground on which tennis is played.

5. A figure skater the person who dances on the ice.

2.

1. In field hockey players use a stick to hit the ball into the goal.

2.   The winner is the team which scored more goals than their opponents.

3.   Athletes from all round the world are going to compete for the championship.

4.   Millions of people watch the Olympic Games on TV.

5.   I know a good sports centre where we can play tennis for free.

3.

1. Ireland beat England yesterday. England won 1:0 in the first half but Ireland scored two goals in the second half.

2.   It started raining when he had walked to work. He stopped a taxi because he didn't wear a coat and didn't have an umbrella.

3.   I didn’t recognize many people at my old school reunion because everyone had changed a lot in twenty years.

4. I waited to play tennis yesterday when my partner had called me to say that he hadn’t can come because his car was break down.

4.   I. Football is popular in almost all the countries in the world, (true)

2.   Sports fans come to the stadium to learn their favourite poems, (false)

3.   If you want to play hockey you must have a puck and a club, (true)

4. People, who play chess, are called chessmen, (true)

5.   Track-and-field events are included into the Olympics, (false)

6.   The referee acts as a goalkeeper in football, (false)

7.   There is no difference between tennis and table tennis (false)

8.   Women are found of playing hockey, (false)

9.   Tennis is a game in which two or four players strike a tennis ball with rackets all over a net. (true)

10. Every player dreams of losing a game, (false)

11.  Draughts is an outdoor game, (false)

12.  There is no difference between soccer and rugby, (false)

13. Badminton can be played only indoors, (false)

14.  The goalkeeper acts as a judge in football, (false)

15.  Ice hockey is popular with women, (false)

16.  A tennis ball is struck with a club, (false)

17.  Women are good football players, as a rule, (true)

18.  People who play droughts are called draughtsman, (true)

19. We use balls when playing badminton, (false)

20.  Golf is played on ice fields, (false)

21.  Hockey is one of the most popular summer sports, (false)

22.  Table tennis and lawn tennis are one and the same game, (false)

23.  In hockey a handball and rackets arc used, (false)

24. Boxers fight with bare hands, (false)

25. Track and field events are never included in the Olympics, (true)

26.  You may touch the ball with your hands when playing football, (false)

8. Mountaineering or mountain climbing is the sport, hobby or profession of hiking, skiing, and climbing mountains. While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains, it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three areas: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice. All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety

Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, on lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water. The sport can be both recreational, focusing on learning the techniques required, and competitive where overall fitness plays a large role. It is also one of the oldest Olympic sports. In the United States, high school and collegiate rowing is sometimes referred to as crew.

Yachting refers to recreational sailing or boating, the specific act of sailing or using other water vessels for sporting purposes. Although there are many different types of racing vessels, they can generally be separated into the larger yachts, which are larger and contain facilities for extended voyages, and smaller harbour racing craft such as dinghies and skiffs. Smaller boats are not generally referred to as yachts, although all recreational boats (as opposed to commercial or military vessels) are yachts. These days, yacht racing and dinghy racing are common participant sports around the developed world, particularly where favourable wind conditions and access to reasonably sized bodies of water are available. Most yachting is conducted in salt water, but smaller craft can be — and are — raced on lakes and even large rivers.

The game of football is any of several similar team sports, of similar origins which involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot in an attempt to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just ‘football’ or ‘soccer’. Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, he various codes of football share the following common elements: Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) arc also popular.

A clearly defined area in which to play the game.

Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team’s end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.

Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts. The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.

Players being required to move the ball — depending on the code — by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.

Players using only their body to move the ball.

Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent’s goal using a hockey stick. Ice hockey is played on a large flat area of ice, using a three inch (76,2 mm) diameter vulcanized rubber disc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice. The game is contested between two teams of skaters. The game is played all over North America, Europe and in many other countries around the world to varying extent.

Tennis is a sport usually played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent’s court. The rules of tennis have not changed much since the 1890 s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to challenge the line (or chair) umpire’s call of a point. Players have unlimited opportunity to challenge, but once three incorrect challenges are made in a set, they cannot challenge again until the next set. If the set goes to a tie break, players arc given one additional opportunity to challenge the call.

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock (also known as a shuttle, bird, or birdy) with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents’ half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor. The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other racquet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind, competitive badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game.

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or 'shooting’ a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules. Basketball is one of the most popular and widely viewed sports in the world. A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches (45,7 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3,05 m) high mounted to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the hoop during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the hoop than the three-point line, and three points (a `3 pointer’) if the player is ‘outside’ the three-point line. The team with more points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a tie. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or passing it to a team-mate. It is a violation (travelling) to walk with the ball, carry it, or to double dribble (to hold the ball and then resume dribbling).

Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team’s court under organized rules. The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: A player on one of the teams begins a ‘rally’ by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team’s court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. They may touch the ball as many as three times. Typically, the first two touches are to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court.

Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-chequered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent’s king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in ‘check’) and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack on the next move.

Boxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people fight each other using their fists for competition. Boxing is typically supervised by a referee engaged in during a series of one - to three-minute intervals called rounds, and boxers generally of similar weight. There are four ways to win; if the opponent is knocked out and unable to get up before the referee counts to ten seconds or if the opponent is deemed too injured to continue if an opponent is disqualified for breaking a rule, or if there is no stoppage of the fight before an agreed number of rounds, a winner is determined either by the referee’s decision or by judges' scorecards.

Wrestling is a martial art that uses grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two (occasionally more) competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position. There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems.

Fencing, which is also known as modern fencing to distinguish it from historical fencing, is a family of combat sports using bladed weapons.

Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games. Three types of weapon are used in Olympic fencing:

Foil is a light thrusting weapon that targets the torso, including the back, but not the arms. Hits are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not count. Only a single hit can be scored by either fencer at one time. If both fencers hit at the same time, the referee uses the rules of ‘right of way’ to determine which fencer gets the point.

Sabre is a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, except for the hands. The sabre is primarily used to slash, so hits with the side of the blade as well as the tip are valid. ‘Right of way’ applies — only one fencer can score at a time.

Epee is a heavy thrusting weapon that targets the entire body. All hits must be with the tip and not the sides of the blade. Unlike foil and sabre, epee does not use right of way, and allows simultaneous hits by both fencers. Calisthenics are a form of dynamic exercise consisting of a variety of simple, often rhythmical, movements, generally using minimal equipment or apparatus. They are intended to increase body strength and flexibility with movements such as bending, jumping, swinging, twisting or kicking, using only one's body weight for resistance. They are usually conducted in concert with stretches. Calisthenics when performed vigorously and with variety can benefit both muscular and cardiovascular fitness, in addition to improving psychomotor skills such as balance, agility and coordination.

Figure skating is an Olympic sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on ice skates. Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level (senior), and at local, national, and international competitions. The International

Skating Union (ISU) regulates international figure skating judging and competitions. Figure skating is an official event in the Winter Olympic Games. In languages other than English and Russian, figure skating is usually referred to by a name that translates as ‘artistic skating’.

Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for travelling over snow. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding. Skiing can be grouped into two general categories. The older of the two disciplines originated in Scandinavia and uses free-heel bindings that attach at the toes of the skier’s boots but not at the heels. Types of Nordic skiing include cross-country, ski jumping and Telemark. Alpine skiing (more often called ‘downhill skiing’), originated in the European Alps, and is characterized by fixed-heel bindings that attach at both the toe and the heel of the skier’s boot.

Ice skating is moving on ice by using ice skates. It can be done for a variety of reasons, including leisure, travelling, and various sports. Ice skating occurs both on specially prepared indoor and outdoor tracks, as well as on naturally occurring bodies of frozen water such as lakes and rivers. Ice skating works because the metal blade at the bottom of the skate shoe can glide with very little friction over the surface of the ice.' However, slightly leaning the blade over and digging one of its edges into the ice ('rock over and bite’) gives skaters the ability to increase friction and control their movement at will. In addition, by choosing to move along curved paths while leaning their bodies radially and flexing their knees, skaters can use gravity to control and increase their momentum. They can also create momentum by pushing the blade against the curved track which it cuts into the ice.

Ski jumping is a sport in which skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump and attempt to land as far as possible down the hill below. In addition to the length of the

jump, judges give points for style. The skis used for ski jumping are wide and long (260 to 275 centimeters (100 to 108 in.)). Ski jumping is predominantly a winter sport, performed on snow, and is part of the Winter Olympic Games, but can also be performed in summer on artificial surfaces — porcelain or frost rail track on the plastic on the landing hill.